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Lena Sanchez Editor


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 Tobacco is a mood-altering, addictive drug that kills 500,000 Americans a year (200 million worldwide)
Costs $400 billion each year, according to "Smoking and Health Review," (1992). 

The American Lung Association says tobacco contains more than 4,000 chemicals, 60 of which causes cancer. 
Some of the 'killers' are radioactivity, arsenic, ammonia, lead, formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide, cadmium, phenol, benzene and hydrogen cyanide (the 'gas chamber' gas that poisons the respiratory enzymes) 

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Friday December 24, 2004
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============================
=> IN THIS ISSUE!
============================


==> Editors' Ranting & or Warnings
==> Something To Think About
==> Health Thought for the day!
==> Showcase Health Spotlight
==> Monthly Spotlight Ads
==> Today's Health Tip
==> Food of The Week
==> Health Today
==> Environmental Report
==> Life Changing Information



+++++++++++++++++++++
EDITORS' RANTING
+++++++++++++++++++++

Greetings and thank you for subscribing!

In parts of the world at this moment most kids are counting down until that special guest arrives, while they sleep, to leave them that special gift... Such a magical time for little ones but a stressful time for some parents... Everything in life has some good along with bad and we have to get through the tough times with our mental abilities in tact... I have a friend who when hit with hard or stressful times remarks, "Tomorrow will be better, if not then the next day, but I'm sure one of those days will be better!"

I thought the following information might bring a grin to your face:
GLS scientists are looking at the pesky problem of deer that dart out in front of cars on dark country roads - a problem that causes thousands of injuries and more than 200 deaths every year. The plan: genetically modify the deer so they'll glow in the dark.

Yep, your read that right! Glow-in-the-dark deer. Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year! Watch out Rudolph noses are out and total fluorescent bodies are in!

If you have a question or comment (good or bad) send it to me... Click Here 

Remember ANEH Facts archives now exist  Click Here 

Ask Lena Health Q & A Archives  Click Here

Take charge of you and your family's health before it takes charge of you!
Lena


TidBits Of Info


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==================================
Something To Think About
============================

Antidepressant Drugs Linked to Abnormal Bleeding
 
Taking antidepressant drugs could severely jeopardize your health by increasing your risk of suicide, liver failure and birth defects. Researchers have found yet another health concern to add to this already extensive list: abnormal bleeding. Although this bleeding is a side effect of antidepressant use, patients who are already at a higher risk for bleeding are likely to be affected even more severely.

Studies indicated that a high risk of bleeding occurred while patients took antidepressants known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or (SSRIs). SSRIs prevent re-absorption of serotonin (a chemical that allows nerve cells in the brain to communicate with one another) and increase the brain's supply of it. This class of antidepressants may also block blood platelets from getting necessary serotonin from the bloodstream, thus increasing the risk of abnormal bleeding.

In light of these findings, the FDA required manufacturers to apply a "black box" warning -- the strongest warning that can be issued -- on all antidepressant drug labels. The caution alerted consumers that taking such drugs could increase suicidal thoughts and behaviors among children and teenagers.

The risk of being hospitalized for bleeding was almost three times as high in patients who took the following drugs:

Paxil
Anafranil
Zoloft
Prozac

HealthCentral.com

LENA'S COMMENT: This is the season when a lot of people are put on antidepressants and begin a journey into the unknown. I have yet to understand why medications have to suppress some part of the body under the guise of helping the body when all that needs to happen is get all parts of the body working to it's max and health will follow. That is What Dr. Wayne Garland does with his herbal Master Formulas. He also has a formula for stress and depression that doesn't suppress any part of the body but works like a charm...



=======================
HOLIDAY WISH FOR YOU!
=======================


Stopping By Woods On A Snowy Evening

Whose woods these are I think I know.
His house is in the village though;
He will not see me stopping here
To watch his woods fill up with snow.
My little horse must think it queer
To stop without a farmhouse near
Between the woods and frozen lake
The darkest evening of the year.
He gives his harness bells a shake
To ask if there is some mistake.
The only other sound's the sweep
Of easy wind and downy flake.
The woods are lovely, dark and deep.
But I have promises to keep,
And miles to go before I sleep,
And miles to go before I sleep.
(Robert Frost)

The above poem is my favorite of all Robert Frost's poems.  He has captured the quietness and isolation of New England woods at night, covered with snow: "Lovely, dark and deep."  Ahh, only Frost could write a line like that!

While there are many interpretations of this poem (ranging from: the guy is contemplating suicide, to that the poem is about Santa!) to me the poem symbolizes the hope of Christmas...hope in the "darkest evening of the year." 

I realized what hope really means this morning.

We have an Advent calendar and every night, while the kids are asleep, the Advent "elves" come and deliver a small piece of chocolate candy in one of the calendar's doors. 

Well, last night the "elves" were quite tired and fell asleep before they got a chance to make the delivery. 

This morning, our 6-year old son came into our bedroom and said, "The elves didn't come last night."  But he didn't look sad.  He looked out the window and said, "I think they're running late."  He gazed out of the window for a long time and then said, "I think they went ice skating."
And then, "I hear them!  Shh!  Do you hear them?  They're coming!"

My husband had gone to walk the dog and must have let the elves in. They quietly slipped into the kitchen and put the chocolates in the Advent calendar.  Yes, that's what happened.  My son went downstairs, then in a minute rushed back up with just the wrapper left in his
hand:  "See? They came."

I was suddenly touched by how utterly hopeful children can be.  Never did it occur to our son that maybe today would be the day that the elves would not come, or had forgotten.  He knew they would.

In some ways, our celebration during the Christmas season is the same kind of hope.  What kind of beings are we who can celebrate with such joy the "darkest evening of the year" with the assurance of a returning light? How can we ever be sure the light will come back?  How can we ever be sure that the elves will come?  Hope.  Faith.

From my family to yours, I wish you a peaceful, hopeful Christmas.

----------------------
Marcia Passos Duffy is a freelance writer and publisher of The Heart of New England online magazine. Subscribe to her free weekly newsletter by sending a blank email to
heartofnewengland-subscribe@yahoogroups.com  or visit http://www.TheHeartofNewEngland.com
 


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 TODAY'S HEALTH TIP

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ASIAN FUSION

Some say it's an acquired taste, but natto, a Japanese delicacy for more than 1,000 years, is finally catching on this side of the Pacific. Its pungent scent and slimy, string-like consistency may never make this fermented soybean food the cross-cultural menu star that sushi is, but natto's health benefits may move even timid souls to give it a try.

Soybeans are boiled and then fermented to make natto, and researchers say that two enzymes formed during this process -- pyrazine and nattokinase -- offer powerful protection against blood clots, including those that lead to heart attack, stroke and deep vein thrombosis. Pyrazine helps prevent blood clots from forming, while nattokinase actually dissolves clots. Some doctors think these enzymes may be apt stand-ins for drugs such as warfarin, a blood thinner, or thrombolytics, which are administered shortly after the onset of stroke or heart attack to break up clots and let blood flow. A few experts suggest eating natto on Sunday evening, since many heart attacks and strokes occur on Monday morning.

In Japan, aficionados often eat natto, seasoned with soy sauce and spicy mustard, on top of rice for breakfast, but natto also appears in sushi, atop noodles and in other hot dishes. If you're thinking of trying natto for clot-busting purposes, make it raw. Nattokinase appears to lose its effectiveness when heated. You can purchase natto in stores that sell Japanese foods, or you can buy the extract over the Internet and in some health-food stores.

HOW ABOUT OTHER SOY SOURCES?

Although you won't find clot-dissolving nattokinase in other soy foods, many health experts, including those at the American Heart Association, praise soy's ability to lower cholesterol and fight cardiovascular disease. Unfermented foods, such as tofu, soy milk and soy nuts, also are good sources of protein, but some health experts stress that fermented soy foods, such as natto, miso and tempeh, are safer and healthier alternatives, claiming that fermentation blocks soy components that can interfere with protein digestion and mineral absorption.

SOY SAFETY

Meanwhile, the debate continues to rage over whether soy foods may increase women's risk for breast cancer, promote dementia and impede thyroid function.

"Overall, soy foods are safe," says Mark Messina, PhD, adjunct associate professor of nutrition at Loma Linda University and one of the top soy researchers. Dr. Messina thinks there's not enough data to advise people to stop eating soy, but cautions against consuming
any one food to the exclusion of others -- and that goes for soy foods, too. For more details on the soy debate, see Daily Health News, August 18, 2003.

http://www.bottomlinesecrets.com/blpnet/article_dhn.html?article_id=34252

Who should avoid natto? Those taking warfarin, coumadin or any blood-thinning medication, or those who suffer from bleeding disorders or peptic ulcers. You also should avoid natto if you have had a recent ischemic stroke, neurosurgery or other major trauma.

For all others, it's nice to know about another natural tool in the heart health tool chest.

Be well,
Carole Jackson
Bottom Line's Daily Health News
http://www.bottomlinesecrets.com/
 


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FOOD OF THE WEEK
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This song was around when I was a child and kids use to sing it and most of us had no idea why or what it meant!
    
Where, oh where,
Is dear little Nellie?
Where, oh where,
Is dear little Nellie?
Where, oh where,
Is dear little Nellie?
Way down yonder
In the pawpaw patch.
 
Come on, boys,
Let's go find her.
Come on, boys,
Let's go find her,
Come on, boys,
Let's go find her,
Way down yonder
In the pawpaw patch.
 
Picking up pawpaws,
Puttin' 'em in your pocket,
Picking up pawpaws,
Puttin' 'em in your pocket,
Picking up pawpaws,
Puttin' 'em in your pocket,
Way down yonder
In the pawpaw patch.


Paw Paw, pawpaw, Graviola and soursop, all the same. Is grown on a very small Graviola tree in the Amazon jungle and some of the Caribbean islands.  The pawpaw is also said to be native to the woodlands of the eastern U.S. The American Indian is credited with spreading the pawpaw across the eastern U.S. to eastern Kansas and Texas, and from the Great Lakes almost to the Gulf. The graviola tree (Annona muricata) produces the delicious fruit commonly called paw-paw, which is widely consumed by indigenous peoples.
 
Individual fruits weigh 5 to 16 ounces and are 3 to 6 inches in length. The larger sizes will appear plump, similar to the mango. The fruit usually has 10 to 14 seeds in two rows. The brownish to blackish seeds are shaped like lima beans, with a length of 1/2 to 1-1/2 inches. Pawpaw fruits often occur as clusters of up to nine individual fruits. The ripe fruit is soft and thin skinned.
 
A number of animals such as foxes, opossums, squirrels and raccoons will eat the fruit. But a great thing to grow around deer as goats, deer and rabbits will not eat the leaves or twigs. The Zebra Swallowtail butterfly's larvae feed exclusively on young, pawpaw foliage, but never in great numbers.
 
The skin of the green fruit usually lightens in color as it ripens and often develops blackish splotches which do not affect the flavor or edibility. The yellow flesh is custard like and highly nutritious. The best fruit has a complex, tropical flavor unlike any other temperate zone fruit. At present, the primary use of pawpaws is for fresh eating out of hand. The ripe fruit is very perishable with a shelf life of 2 or 3 days, but will keep up to 3 weeks if it is refrigerated at 40º - 45º F.
 
The name of this plant is sometimes spelled Papaw - and in that form is often confused with another fruit that sometimes goes by that name, the Papaya, Carica papaya. (The latter is in a totally different family than our Pawpaw, and can only grow in tropical areas.)
 
Native Americans used the fruits as food and the bark for medicine and fish nets. Extracts of paw paw have been used as an emetic (inducing vomiting), by Eli Lilly in 1898.
 
Not only is the pawpaw fruit tasty and healthy but the Pawpaw tree bark and twigs,  may well prove to be the ultimate cancer-fighter. Studies by the National Cancer Institute already show that Graviola extract is 10,000 times stronger than top chemotherapy drugs...
 
Yet its incredible precision hunts down cancer cells while leaving healthy cells completely alone! Graviola just seems to 'know' which cells to kill and which to avoid. There's no nausea, no hair loss, no weight loss, no weakening of the immune system.
 
Could this prove to be "The magic bullet" scientists have been seeking for so long. Dr. Garland uses the PawPaw as a cancer treatment in a portion of his cancer patients, with great results!!! But I'm not sure the pharmaceutical world will hone in on this inexpensive treatment!
 
The Pawpaw taste is a mix of banana, pineapple, and mango and contains a high level of amino acids, vitamins A and C, potassium, along with other nutrients still under study. According to the Purdue University Crop Fact Sheet, the Pawpaw is more nutritious than apples, peaches and grapes in most vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and food energy value. Nutrient rich in Vitamin A, C, Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Potassium, Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Iron, Zinc, Copper, Manganese, Essential amino acids, Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Cystine, Phenylalanine, Tyrosine, Threonine, Tryptophan and Valine. Unless refrigerated, it lasts only two to three days but in the fridge it lasts up to three weeks. You can substitute pawpaws for bananas in many recipes including banana bread. Because of its custardy texture, it's ideal for drink mixes, baby food, and ice cream. Because of its blendability and aroma, it is used in cosmetics and skin products. According to one pawpaw expert on the Internet, "If you have tried them and don't like them, suspect your sample to have been unripe, or from an inferior tree.
 
Mashed paw paw also makes a great face mask and aids wound healing, while the liquid extract is made from the paw paw leaf and is a rich source of the antioxidant nutrients beta carotene and vitamin C, which explains its relevance in helping to prevent and treat cancer. Also several acetogenins have been isolated from Graviola (PawPaw tree) twigs shown in a chart at ACAM.
 
Its anti-tumor efficacy against human ovarian carcinoma in athymic mice were demonstrated in studies in 1993.  There have been over 100 scientific papers published on the chemistry and biology of the paw paw compounds.
 
Paw paw is not toxic according to studies with beagles (dogs). It appears to be impossible to 'overdose', 32 capsules 4x/day were non toxic because it caused vomiting.
 
In clinical trials with human research subjects, generally using one capsule 4x/day, some breast cancer patients experienced partial or complete tumor reduction.
 
In men with prostate cancer, some patients experienced subjective benefits as well as tumor reduction and PSA decreases. One patient even took half the suggested dose (mistakenly) and still had great results.
 
There were good results with lymphoma - Non Hodgkins where white cell counts were reduced, as were lymphocytes. A patient with stage IV lung cancer also had subjective and objective results.
 
Hundreds of human research subjects have used paw paw, with many types of tumors. Significant reductions in tumor sizes has been seen (verified by CT, etc.) There have been reductions in tumor antigen levels (PSA, CA27/29, CA125, alkaline phosphatase, etc.)
 
There have been very few unwanted effects, some itching and some nausea/vomiting but many have reported 'increased energy'. There was no hair loss, no GI bleeding, no bone marrow depression.
 
Benefits have been seen with cold sores, shingles, toe nail fungus, acne, athlete's foot, eczema and psoriasis.
 
So not only is PawPaw great eating but great medicine as well! I'm sure we will hear much more about this down the road...

Lena
 



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HEALTH TODAY

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US Meat Plants Violating Mad Cow Rules
December 21, 2004
 
WASHINGTON - US meat plants are allowing brains and spinal cord from older cattle to enter the food supply, violating strict government regulations aimed at preventing the spread of mad cow disease, a federal meat inspectors union said on Monday.
 
Nearly a year after the first US case of mad cow disease, meat plants have yet to implement measures required by the US Agriculture Department to protect consumers, said the National Joint Council of Food Inspection Locals.
"We are seeing little to no change at these plants," said Stan Painter, the union's chairman.

The USDA has said its ban on brains, spinal cord, eyes and other so-called specific risk material (SRMs) was the most important action it has taken since the discovery of mad cow disease in the United States.

The deadly disease is carried within the infected animal's brain and nervous system and can be spread to humans when eaten. Older cattle, over 30-months of age, are thought to be at higher risk for mad cow disease than younger animals.

"We know USDA's zero tolerance is not being met," Painter said. "We believe this is a widespread problem." He declined to say how many plants were in violation.

The USDA disagreed with the union, saying no prohibited cattle parts were slipping into the food supply.

"Parts that are defined as SRMs are being removed and being disposed of according to regulations implemented in January 2004," said Steve Cohen, spokesman for USDA's Food Safety and Inspection Service.

The American Meat Institute, a trade group representing US meatpackers, said it was unaware of any plants in violation of the regulations.

The labor union's allegations come as the United States tries to convince Japan and South Korea, previously its top buyers, to ease their bans on US beef.

Japan, the No. 1 market for US beef in 2003, said it would reopen its borders once Washington could assure that only beef from cattle 20 months or younger would be shipped.

"I would think (Japan) will definitely have a concern about this," Painter said.

SLIPPING THROUGH

In October, US meat inspectors began alerting the union that plant employees were incorrectly identifying carcasses of animals over 30 months old, Painter said. Under USDA procedures, plant employees are responsible for identifying older cattle by examining their teeth.

Painter said these violations allowed prohibited parts to slip by inspectors and enter the food supply.

Inspectors said plants were also violating a trade agreement with Mexico by shipping kidneys from cattle over 30 months old.

The union said inspectors were being told by their supervisors not to intervene when they noticed export requirements of Mexico were not being followed.

"We have seen cattle that have been over 30 months ... and the kidneys were shipped to Mexico," Painter said.

Painter said slaughter plants needed to segregate their production lines by age. The union also urged the USDA to give inspectors more authority to enforce regulations.

The union told the USDA about its concerns in a Dec. 8 letter. The USDA said it had received the letter and would soon respond.

Story by Randy Fabi
REUTERS NEWS SERVICE 
 
 


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    ENVIRONMENTAL REPORT      
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Paving the Amazon with Soy
By Sasha Lilley, CorpWatch.

The sprawling state of Mato Grosso, in central west Brazil, could be thought a paradise of sorts, at least from a distance. The lush rainforest of the Amazon basin, often called the "lungs of the world," straddles the state, as does the grassy Brazilian savanna or cerrado. Parrots, jaguars and pumas are just a few of the abundant species found in the savanna, considered one of the most biodiverse in the world, along with endangered species like the maned wolf, anteater and river-dwelling giant otter.

The landscape, however, is rapidly being altered as vast fields of soybeans and cattle ranches replace grasslands and forests. Soy rules Mato Grosso and it's not the soy that much of the world associates with the ostensibly eco-friendly, vegetarian diet, either.

In the wake of the Mad Cow disease scare, soy producers have benefited from increased demand in affluent countries for meat from cows that are fed soy meal, rather than animal-based feed. This is only the latest in a series of factors that have allowed a company named the André Maggi Group to spearhead, along with the Brazilian government, the expansion of soy in Mato Grosso and adjacent states over the last two decades, with disturbing consequences.

"Soy - at this moment - is the most important driver for deforestation, directly and indirectly," says environmental analyst Jan Maarten Dros. "Directly because the cerrado is being converted from natural vegetation into soy fields. But indirectly, because in this region a lot of cattle farms are being replaced by soy farmers buying or renting land from cattle farmers." This means, according to Dros' 2003 WWF study on the impacts of soybean cultivation in Brazil, that the "cattle farmers tend to advance into new forest area, causing more deforestation."

The governor of the state of Mato Grosso is Blairo Maggi, the owner of the Maggi group, who is also known as the rei da soja - the Soybean King. In fact, the Maggi Group is the largest private soy producer in the world. The company grossed $600 million in sales this year, primarily managing the production, trade and processing of over 2 million tons of soy, most of it destined for livestock in Europe and Asia. Maggi has also been key in establishing transportation infrastructure that further opens the Amazon to development and deforestation.

In 2003, Maggi's first year as governor, the deforestation rate in Mato Grosso more than doubled. Last year when the New York Times pointed out that the destruction of the Amazon had risen by two-fifths, Blairo Maggi responded: "To me, a 40 percent increase in deforestation doesn't mean anything at all, and I don't feel the slightest guilt over what we are doing here. We are talking about an area larger than Europe that has barely been touched, so there is nothing at all to get worried about."

Despite the fragile ecosystem in which it operates, and the controversy around its practices, the Brazilian agribusiness giant has had little trouble getting bankrolled by private banks in Europe and Japan, and by public institutions like the International Finance Corporation (IFC), the private-lending arm of the World Bank. In 2002 the Maggi Group's soy production division, Amaggi Exportâo e Importâo Limitada, landed two back-to-back US $30 million loans from the IFC - one in 2002 and second that was granted in September of 2004.

World Bank Audits Loan to Amaggi

The Maggi Group, however, has encountered a bump in the road. Under pressure from NGOs in Brazil and abroad, World Bank president James Wolfensohn has called for an audit by the IFC's Office of the Compliance Advisor Ombudsman of the 2004 loan to Amaggi, stating in a letter to Brazilian NGOs that "the audit will provide an independent review of the issue and the results will be made public."

In the cases of both loans, the IFC assigned the projects a Category B social and environmental rating, meaning that "a limited number of specific environmental and/or social impacts may result which can be avoided or mitigated," according to Rachel Kyte, director of the IFC's Environmental and Social Development Department, although this classification may now be under review.

"If civil society's arguments were to have been considered two months earlier," says Roberto Smeraldi, director of Friends of the Earth Amazonia, in response, "this audit would not have been necessary." Brazilian and foreign NGOs have argued that the loan should have warranted a Category A classification, defined as "likely to have significant adverse environmental impacts that are sensitive, diverse, or unprecedented." Such a categorization would flag the project's potential for serious harm to the fragile ecosystem of the cerrado.

The IFC loan provides Amaggi with capital to expand its inventory capacity for storing soy products while simultaneously supplying pre-finance loans to the 900 medium-sized soy farmers in Mato Grosso and Rõndia states from whom Amaggi buys the majority of the soy it sells. These tenant farmers tend to have limited capital and therefore must turn to Amaggi for financing, since the Brazilian government only provides loans at a very high interest rate. In return, the farmers sign contracts to sell their product to Amaggi on terms dictated by the agribusiness company.

The problem with this arrangement, says geographer Wendy Jepson, whose work focuses on soy production in the states of Mato Grosso and Rõndia, is that the pre-financing loans that Amaggi provides lack detailed conditions about the environment, while locking farmers into deals with Amaggi. "The IFC loan is wrongheaded because it doesn't seem there are any environmental stipulations on how these producers actually cultivate. It's facilitating the expansion of production and not dealing with the fact that these farmers have little choice in how they produce."

Steve Schwarzmann of the Washington DC-based Environmental Defense guardedly welcomes the World Bank audit, while scoffing at the IFC's Category B classification of the loan. "To say that financing the expansion of soybean production in the Amazon in 2004 is the kind of project whose impacts stop at the farm gate, is simply not credible."

Banking on 'Green Gold'

More significant than the direct consequences of the IFC loan, according to Dutch analyst Dros, is the prestige that the international lending body has given to Amaggi, which in turn has attracted much larger loans from private banks. Rabobank, the Netherlands' biggest agricultural bank, has lead a consortium of 11 banks, including ING Bank (Netherlands), HSBC (UK), BNP Paribas (France), Crédit Suisse First Boston (Switzerland), UFJ Bank (Japan), WestLB (Germany), Fortis Bank (Netherlands/Belgium), HSB Nord Bank (Sweden), Banco Bradesco and Banco Itaú (Brazil), to loan Amaggi $230 million.

This is the second large loan Rabobank has arranged for Amaggi. The first loan for $100 million, in 2002, included ABN Bank and Fortis Bank, Banque Cantonale, BBVA, WestLB, and Standard Chartered, as well as three Brazilian banks.

In September of this year, Rabobank launched an advertising campaign presenting itself as "a bank that puts corporate social responsibility into practice." Rabobank is a signatory of the IFC's Equator Principles, a voluntary set of guidelines for managing social and environmental issues, and also has its own official standards on forest protection.

Dros, who has written a number of studies on soy in Brazil and South America for the World Wildlife Fund and AIDEnvironment, believes that the IFC's imprimatur has given private banks a means of skirting their own environmental policies. "Rabobank's reasoning was that if IFC approves this project and they classify it only as a class B, low-risk project, we can safely invest $230 million, eight times more than what IFC is investing, in this corporation."

Rabobank public affairs manager Hans Ludo van Mierlo counters that the bank has an excellent record on environmentally sustainable lending. "We see no cause of concern by World Bank president James Wolfensohn's call for an audit of the IFC's loan to Amaggi," says van Mierlo. "The current discussion among NGO's is about the IFC procedures, which resulted in a classification of Category B. This is more an internal discussion about the procedures of IFC and does not mean that Amaggi is doing something wrong."

The Maggi Group has also received a loan of $24 million in March 2001 by a foreign banking syndicate arranged by Deutsche Investitions und Entwicklungsgesellschaft (DEG), two loans headed by Standard Chartered Bank in July 2001 and July 2002 for $70 million and $50 million respectively, a $80 million loan arranged by WestLB in June 2003 and a $34 million dollar loan from Banco Nacional de Desenvolvimento Econõmico e Social (BNDES), Brazil's development bank, in June of this year.

Environmental Defense's Schwarzmann notes the irony of the IFC loaning money to the Maggi Group, given the corporation's ability to draw large private loans. "The ostensible justification of [IFC lending] is to take public resources to support private business in the developing world that would not have access to international capital markets," states Schwarzmann. "What the IFC has done with the Amaggi loans is anything but that."

Paving Paradise

The controversy around IFC and private bank loans to the Maggi Group has highlighted the agribusiness company's potential for ecological damage as soy producer and broker. But equally consequential has been Maggi's role in reshaping the Amazon region, owing partially to the substantial political and economic power of the Maggi family.

Governor Maggi, with largesse from the Brazilian and Mato Grosso state governments, as well as from private companies including his own, has built roads, ports and expanded waterways through the Amazon rainforest that, according to critics, have further opened up the region to soy farms, cattle ranches and small colonists.

Maggi has initiated the creation of roads cutting through the heart of the Amazon, including the BR-163 highway currently being paved from Cuiabá the capital of Mato Grosso, to the deep-water Amazon River port of Santarém. The asphalting of BR-163 is part of a public-private arrangement between the Brazilian government, Maggi and US agribusiness giants Cargill, Bunge, ADM and others who want a cheap way to export soy. According to the Amazonian Institute for Environmental Research, or IPAM, this 1600 kilometer road will cut a 10 million hectare swath of land through the region, opening the area for further colonization.

Blairo Maggi has shrugged off criticisms by those who see a conflict of interest between his position as Mato Grosso state governor and Brazil's largest soy producer. "My electoral platform was based on the need to keep up economic development in Mato Grosso," Maggi told Soybean Digest last year. "As governor, my key goal is to ... triple agricultural production in Mato Grosso within 10 years, and to develop agro-industry in order to add value to that production."

No End In Sight?

Given the power of agribusiness interests like the Maggi Group, the march towards soy and cattle-driven deforestation may seem unstoppable. But the export-driven soy expansion may slow down for reasons of demand, for the time being.

After reaching a fifteen-year high in April, the price of soy has fallen on the world market to half its peak value, partly owing to record soy production in the US and to decreased demand from China. The price of soy started to slip this spring after China refused to accept shiploads of soy from Brazil owing to high levels of pesticides on the beans. The Maggi Group estimates that it could take several years for the price to pick back up.

Over the long run, demand for soy is only expected to grow. As long as consumers continue to demand meat from soy-fed livestock and international banks continue to finance its growth, the Maggi Group will stay in business. Meanwhile, the vital ecosystems of Mato Grosso's Amazon rainforests and cerrado remain in danger.

Sasha Lilley is a staff writer for CorpWatch and producer of Against the Grain on Pacifica Radio.

 


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